Human Resource Management Administration

With industrialization, there came a drastic change of emphasis from human centered output to machine oriented. The importance of human labor was neglected as it was believed the acquisition of sophisticated machines was the prime agenda for guaranteed success in a company or organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Management Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it was observed that neglected employees of any company resulted in sluggish and minimal development and profits. Companies sought out to rectify this by establishing human resource management department (Armstrong, 2006). Human resource management basically refers to addressing the plight of employees in a given organization, handling their employment, recruitment, promotion medical care, leave, skills utilization, compensation and keeping their every record. To the employer, it creates a management syste m that pertains to long term goals. Unlike in the past, human resource ensures employees are hired by their credentials and qualification. Communication between the employer and employees is enhanced and their relationship is cordial. Through it strikes, boycotts, and go slows are minimized due to the cultivated relationship and healthy communication (Ulrich, 1996). Theadministration is normally based on the structure and nature of the organization, whether centralized or decentralized and the product or service it provides. Human resource management attracts employees, maintains manages them effectively and utilizes them to their maximum productivity. Employees are then divided into their positions, specialization and division of labor creating an orderly and conducive work environment. It is also the task of the human resource management to ensure labor as well as material costs is as minimal as possible while at the same time carrying out customer service improvement and also wo rking hand in hand with other managers of different department. For the management, it is also important to come up with strategies for effective administration like proactive planning and also necessary to evaluate the company’s position, project where it should be, set goals and mechanisms to achieving them. Finding out policies of other companies, in relation to human resource, comparing and contrasting them for gaining vast knowledge on how other companies handle their human force.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Extensive and intensive research and knowledge of laws relating to employees like labor laws to ensure no rights of individuals are violated deliberately or by ignorance. Employees are also supposed to be actively engaged in decision making especially those directly affecting them, encourage critical thinking and individual innovations (Mathis, 2 006). Employees union and organizations are not to be prohibited or undermined instead they should be encouraged and have representatives in many panels to keep the management and employees in touch. Employees’ bodies are very important in problem solving and negotiating deals on behalf of the employees. The human resource management also endeavors in creating a credible tradition and culture observed by all and gives all a sense of belonging and an organizational family to proudly associate and identify with. Human resource management administration has always been an important and indispensable part of any company or organization. For any organization to prosper human resource management is a must since human beings are not machines. A company’s success can be traced back to its efficient human resource management. A neglected human resource department results in more expenditure in a company since the manpower is not well motivated to attain full capacity production . Strikes and boycotts are also more often in organizations that neglect human resource. Employees are like an engine to any organization and their affairs should never be neglected. Reference List Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (10th Ed.). London: Kogan Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J.H. (2006). Human Resource Management 12th ed. Florida: Lake Worth. Ulrich, D. (1996). Human Resource Champions. The Next Agenda for Adding Value and Delivering Results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Resource Management Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Human Resource Management Administration was written and submitted by user Wallop to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Macbeth is primarily a play in which good triump Essays

Macbeth is primarily a play in which good triump Essays "Macbeth" is primarily a play in which good triumphs over evil. To what extent so you agree? PLAN- Main contention: That evil easily overpowers good to a certain extent however in the end good wins. Introduction- William Shakespeare - Early 16th century - downfall of great warrior- TS1 - The influences of the witches manipulated the noble Macbeth- TS2 - Ambition and desire took over lady Macbeth and Macbeth and turned them evil- TS3 - Macbeth (evil) falls against Macduff at the end (good) - Linking sentence: Shakespeare ultimately demonstrates that the destructive nature of evil eventually surrenders to the light of goodness. Body paragraph 1 - Characters: - Witches - Comparison with Lady Macbeth (both use manipulation and deception)- Plot events: Witches giving false prophecies to Macbeth, which manipulated Macbeth, fueled his ambitions which destroyed the nobleness within Macbeth. - Themes: Ambition, manipulation, deception- Historical context: How witches were viewed as "instruments of darkness" and King James' interest in this sa tanic shit which led Shakespeare to writing about this.- Literary techniques: - imagery of where the witches met - Witches tone Body Paragraph 2 - Characters: - Lady Macbeth and Macbeth - Comparing the evilness in Lady Macbeth with kind Lady Macduff - Even though Lady Macduff (good) got killed, her husband Macduff ultimately killed Macbeth. - Comparing Banquo and Macbeth, Banquo didn't listen to witches thus evil did not take over him but Macbeth did so evil did take over him. - Plot events: mentioned above- Themes:

Food Process Technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Food Process Technology - Assignment Example This report will assess the principles of these methods, their applications, the techniques through which they are applied, and their future growth and limitations. Modified Atmospheric Pressure (MAP) is a method of preserving and prolonging the shelf life of the food products. This technique was discovered in the 1930s when fruits and other products were transported to different parts of the world in ships and they tended to have increased shelf lives due to the carbon dioxide which was present in their holding rooms. Then eventually in the 1970s, the modified atmospheric packaging reached the supermarkets and stores when fish and bacon were sent to be sold in Mexico in retail packs. The technological advancement has taken place since then and thus there has been a continuous growth in the modified atmospheric packaging in regard to the increased consumer demand (Robertson, 2012). The MAP also has many theoretical explanations of why it has become popular and simply a need for the shopkeepers. Commercialization is also a major reason why the MAP is widely used to fulfill the requirements of the consumer. Shopkeepers need to maintain their profit levels and satisfy their customers. None of the customers want to buy fruits or vegetables that are not fresh. Many of the supermarkets buy goods in large stocks and preserve them. However, it wasn’t likely for every market to buy huge stocks of fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy products and leave them to rot after a day. Thus, engineers from the food processing industry introduced this technique which helped the shopkeepers to maintain and retain the shelf life of their perishable products (Han, 2005). Since then, the need and use of MAP have increased with advancement that takes place frequently. These advances are in the shape of different techniques and ways of application to improve.

International Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Organizations - Essay Example it consists of the national governments of these member states along with some form of supranational institution which has influence over the decisions being enacted. These member states abide by some form of governing constitution which enforces certain rules upon them, adherence to these rules is mandatory for being a part of the union, in order to maintain discipline and control. This constitutional framework of the union is established on the basis of some Treaties among all the member states. Once the union has been established, and the constitution been made, then remains the question of power and decision making. It is necessary for the members to agree upon the type of decision making under consideration, since it will serve as the basis for all decisions to follow. There are two most prominent forms of governance with regards to supranational bodies such as the EU, United Nation, and NAFTA etc.: Intergovernmental form of Decision Making: this form of decision making provides sovereignty to the member states, under this type the decisions are reached with consensus amongst the sovereign governments of the member states, and the supranational body exists to coordinate the successful execution of the unanimous decisions. Federal form of Decision Making: this is a type which gives the supranational body more individualistic power over the member states, since it calls for the submission of some rights by the member-states’ governments to the union, which makes decision which is binding upon the member nations. The intergovernmental form of decision making regards the union as an international body, which is separate from the governments of the member states, whereas the federal form of decision making regards the union as a federation, which comprises of various... This essay stresses that European Union is a an entity which has influenced the ways in which the European nations interact with each other, and how they collaborate in order to develop one single entity in face of the rest of the world. The success of the EU over 50 years of its life with regards to the spheres it covers is commendable; it started off as a mere economic cooperation union and extended to develop into a widely known multifaceted organization which covers political, social, developmental, environmental and international affairs on behalf of its member states. This paper makes a conclusion that the EU’s decision making process is an intricately woven net which has undergone a lot of amendments and alterations overtime. Initially it was created with the aspiration of being a single entity which would represent Europe through representation of sovereign and independent states, and be a purely intergovernmental institution, however with time and constraints it was discovered that this approach is highly inadequate, and in order to be a single entity which agrees ion unanimous decisions within a limited time frame, it is necessary that the member states give up some of their rights to a representatively elected European Parliament, within the Council of Ministers, who then decide upon different matters which would be binding upon the nation states. Along with this federal form of decision making by the union, the partially sovereign states also reserve the right to decide upon key policy issues for their independent nation.

Whether or not there would be a time to use deadly force against an Essay

Whether or not there would be a time to use deadly force against an unarmed suspect, based on the provision of the case - Essay Example est." (Justia.com, 2011) In this case, suit was brought by the victim’s father in the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee under the Civil Rights Act of 1871. The suspect was fleeing and had been seen by officers to appear to be unarmed, in this situation the use of deadly force regardless of the Tennessee statute would have been a negative and was proven to be such upon a reversal by the court. Is the use of force ever justified when a suspect is unarmed? This question can be answered by noting a legitimate study regarding movement capabilities of individuals. If a suspect is making threatening gestures and furtive movements and is not attempting to flee an officer may be justified in using deadly force. According to Dennis Teuller in an article for the Police Policy Studies Council, â€Å"It would be safe to say then that an armed attacker at 21 feet is well within your Danger Zone.† (Teuller, 2004) This is based on a test in which several participants of varying physical ability, sex, race and age were placed 21 feet from a subject, and at a timer the â€Å"assailants† ran towards the subject and attacked them. The averag e time is generally around 1.5 seconds and shows that an unarmed attacker can still engage an officer in a very short amount of time. Using this test and the findings of the court case which stated, â€Å"†¦the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others.† (Justia.com, 2011) If an unarmed or visibly unarmed suspect makes a furtive movement, which is defined as a movement which shows the intent to attack the officer, or moves towards the officer instead of fleeing then the officer would be correct in employing deadly force. If however, the suspect is attempting to flee and is visibly unarmed and no violence has been committed at the time that the officer is aware of then the use of deadly force should be

Impact of Potato Production

Impact of Potato Production Qingxin Fu The Columbian Exchange: Potato The discovery of the Americas brought a large exchange of people, diseases and crops. Corn, peppers, tomatoes, cassava, cocoa, rubber and tobacco were some of the crops introduced to the Old World. Coffee, oranges, bananas and sugar cane were introduced to the Americas. One of the most important crops brought to the Old World was the potato. Potatoes, as a substitute for wheat or rice, provided peasants a new source of calories. Potato was originated South America and then introduced to the Old World; the crop also raised political, economic and social consequences, such as late blight, Irish Famine, and sudden population increase in China, from its production. Domesticated potatoes were once all belong to one botanical species, Solanum tuberosum; it included thousands of varieties that had diversity in size, shape, color and other characteristics. The potato was first domesticated in the South America Andes, then the Puritans who took Mayflower arrived the land and the First Nations taught them about potatoes. Then the sailors went back to Europe and people started to plant potatoes in Spain, England, France, and many other countries in Europe. Later, potatoes were spread into Africa by the colonists. The crop was once believe to be poisonous by the local farmers who refused to plant them. However, the colonists persuaded the farmers and introduced potatoes as a low-price and high-production crop in substitute of wheat and rice. After potatoes were widely spread through Europe and Africa, they were introduced into East Asia. Following its introduction into China at the end of Ming Dynasty, potatoes became one of the most popular crops in the country. Ironically, despite of the distance of South America and North America, North America is the last region in the world which planted potatoes and established them as a type of crop. Potatoes were widely spread out as a crop throughout the world and planted in every country. They took a great portion of crop production in every country every year, even nowadays. As potatoes spread out and planted a vast amount of them in most countries, they also brought political consequences with them. Late blight was a type of disease that came from growing potatoes. It was caused by the fungus-like pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. It could infect and destroy the leaves, stems, fruits, and tubers of potato plants. Irish Famine, was caused by Late blight which killed tons of potatoes. However, British also played an important role in Irish Famine. As John Mitchel said at the time, â€Å"The Almighty, indeed, sent the potato blight, but the English created the famine.† In 1845, Ireland over-depended on the potatoes as their main source of crops; however, late blight killed all production of potatoes and caused famine. At that time, Britain’s rule over Ireland had been brutal and unfair because of deeply racist attitudes toward Ireland. From Cromwell’s massacres to the Penal Laws to the â€Å"Plantations† that pushed Irish off their homeland. The political consequences of those attitudes were absolutely merciless and cruel. British refused to provide any source of crops and even blocked international disaster relief from other countries to prevent Irish getting potatoes or other types of crops due to political issues. Although the government of Sir Robert Peel bought a quantity of American corn and sold them in Ireland, but it wasn’t even close to enough. Then after Peel lost power, free market could not provide food and more Irish died to the famine. Charles Trevelyan, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, shut down the food depots in Ireland that had been selling Peel’s corn and rejected another ship of corn that had been already headed for Ireland. He explained that he planned to prevent the Irish from becoming â€Å"habitually dependent† on the British government and also believed that Irish famine was God’s judgment to teach Irish people a lesson. More and more Irish peasants died due to the Famine and disease arose among them. Because of British mismanagement, and perhaps intent, in 1840, Ireland’s population was at 8.5 million, with England and Wales at 15.9 million. Ireland’s population continued to fall until 1970s. Nowadays, Ireland is approxi mately at 6 million, and England and Wales at 52 million. Potatoes also brought economic consequences to people; Irish Famine in the middle of the 19th century was the best illustrated example where Irish people depended on the potato for their primary source of calories. For millions of farmers, the only crop they planted was the potato since the only tool necessary for farming potatoes was a sharp stick, and those people could not afford any more than that. These Irish farmers lost all their cultivars and made zero profit from their expenses, because of potato late blight. Then a great famine exploded among Irish. The economy was ruined and a million died of starvation; about two million immigrated, usually to the US or Canada. Potato blight was a very serious economic threat in the potato and tomato production systems across the world. It was extremely hard to measure losses due to this plant disease because there were other factors present as well. Although in some areas, only local experts who speculate from field tests or visited farmers fields could estimate crop loss caused by potato late blight. While this approach was not accurate and imperfect, it could over-exaggerating or missed a portion of losses. However, it was often the only method available for some parts of the areas. In some circumstances, economic losses due the potato late blight could be analyzed systematically. For one event of late blight occurring in the Columbia basin of Washington in the US, the average of fungicide required per field varied from 5.1 to 12.3 depending on the plant species. Total per acre of field required expenses ranged from $100 to $230 dollars and the total cost of dealing with late blight was estimated to have arrived at $30 million dollars threshold. In a national evaluation, the economic impact of potato late blight in all areas of the United States was estimated to be about $210 million. A mean production loss of 15% was estimated by the international Potato Center which made a global estimation of late blight losses in developing countries. This meant that a total production loss in developing countries to be approximately $2.75 billion dollars. One of the important ways of viewing the economic effects of potato late blight was by looking the fungicide usage, which is usually easier and liable way to measure than crop loss. Approximately $77 million are spent on fungicides per season throughout the US. From these facts, potato production costs more than just equipment, seeds, and. Fungicide was one of the most important and necessary item for farmers to plant potatoes and each season expenses on farming increased as profit fell because of potato late blight. Farmers might spend way more money on how to prevent late blight than they would expected. Ironically, potatoes were meant to be cheap and easy to plant, but potato blight made the production rate to suffer and caused countries which heavily relied on potato as their main source of crop to suffer economic losses and cause Famine with a very high chance. Another example of social consequences about potato production was Chinese population growth after the middle period of the Qianlong reign (1735 – 1796). During that time, population increased dramatically and an urgent need to increase grain yields had become a big problem and it led to a rapid spread of potato production throughout China since it could be well fit to local environment. As the population continuously growing, society became a very unfamiliar place for Chinese people. The role of the individual was nearly invisible based on a very high population. This could led people to disconnect from their society. Despite of all the political and economic consequences caused by late blight, potato production also raised social consequences. They were best presented in the Irish Famine in the middle of the 19th century. Larger scale potato production continuously provided surpluses that supported an increase of population in both agricultural and industrial regions. Potatoes were planted widely because they could survive in most climates, altitudes, and soils and could be more highly prolific than grains in both good and bad years. Agricultural workers across Europe continuously raised potatoes production on small pieces of lands to gain food that was cheaper than wheat. Grains and potatoes, together with the flesh and other products of a few farm animals, provided an economically feasible and nutritionally adequate diet. Estimations were made that agricultural land assigned to plant potatoes provided three times the food nutrient value of land planted with wheat, so that more peasants could be maintained on a given quantity of farms. Even after farmers were fed and the stock replaced, more excess was left for the owner of the land. The most obvious disadvantage of the potato was that stocks could not be saved or carried over a year because the tubers would rot. By contrast, people were likely to plant potatoes over wheat due to these reasons which caused them to over-rely on potato production. When potato blight happened, a high demand on food could not be satisfied with wheat and other cultivars; thus, a famine occurred. Potatoes provided cheap provisions for growing industrial populations. Low-priced food supplies enabled industrialists to keep wages low. In all areas, there had been resistance of adopting potatoes for more than three centuries. Because the tuber had been variously seen as poisonous and unacceptable food source; some thought that it was forage for animals like pigs, others as famine food for refugees, but those preconception gradually disappeared as potatoes become one of the most popular and affordable crop. At the same time, the increasing dependence on potatoes in Ireland draw out the devastating predictions of famine for the potatoes that were already proving to be defenseless against multiple plant diseases. Irish peasants who depended on potatoes put themselves at a high risk because the potatoes could not be stored for more than a year, neither transported easily into regions which exploded famine. Because of those areas with such populations, they were also lack of political power and economically dependent on another country; Irish were helpless during the great famine. For all these reasons, although Ireland experienced a horrible blight that destroyed all potato crops; it could be seen that the Irish famine was more likely to be an artificial disaster that could have been prevented or saved by a good timed British emergency relief and millions of Irish lives would be saved. In conclusion, a large portion of people, diseases and crops were exchanged through the findings of the Americas. Crops, such as tobacco, rubber, cocoa, cassava, tomatoes, potatoes, corns, and peppers, were introduced into the Old Word; while coffee, oranges, banana and sugar cane were introduced into the Americas. Potato was one of the most important crops in the World that was introduced into the Old world. As a substitute for wheat, potatoes provided billions of people food to survive worldwide. However, diseases also rose among potato plants and destroyed millions of plants and caused famine which killed millions of people. The origin of potatoes was first found to be domesticated by South America Andes and learned by Europeans, and then it was spread into Africa, Asian and at last North America. Potatoes also caused political, social and economic issues from its production, such as late blight, the Great Famine, and increase in Chinese population; these issues had brought some s erious consequences that even lasted until modern days.

Public Outcry and Acceptance to Darwins theory of Evolution Essay

On Thursday 24 November 1859, Charles Darwin published and made available to the western world his magnum opus, On the Origin of Species, a compilation of some twenty plus years of research regarding the human biology and its advancement. Darwin proposed in Origins that all life slowly evolved, biologically mutated over a period of time, to its present day form. Expanding on prior research in the field of genetics, Darwin theorized a "survival of the fittest" complex which forced basic animals to evolve new advanced traits to survive in their respective environments, in the process theorizing that humans also evolved from lesser creatures. Darwin's theory of evolution was meet with critical response, mainly negative, at the time of its inception, but slowly gained support in the years following. In particular at the time of Origins publishing, the western world was undergoing a religious revival of sorts thanks to the rise of Evangelicalism. Due to conflicts of interest between Darw in's proposed theory of evolution directly contradicting the biblical theory of creationism, much controversy was generated by the publication of Origins. Creationism which stressed the belief of one omnipotent God creating the world and all its inhabitants was the most widely spread belief during this time period. Across the western world different assortments of clergymen attacked, or surprisingly stood in solidarity with the theory of evolution. This brings into question, why were the responses to evolution so disparaging? This can be explained that due to prior established beliefs and knowledge of respective individuals, the reaction to the theory of evolution was at first quite negative, but overtime became more and more accepting as people grew t... ...tarted rationalizing their emotions, the clarity of evolution dawned upon their eyes, and of acceptance of new foreign ideas. Here was a thing that not only could explain the mysteries of life, but also serve as testimonial to the foolishness of pride. Evolution was a hallmark in the relations between science and religion, as the two sides realized neither was trying to undermine the other, and even in some cases joined in union to promote humanities advancement. The story of evolution is significant to history not only because of its scientific achievements, but also the gap it bridged between the scientific and religious community, and the lesson it taught that acceptance of new ideas does not have to mean the end of prior beliefs altogether. No other scientific revolution has generated as much human controversy and unity as Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.